Skydiving

 By Eva
  Life is always full of new experiences. Two weeks ago I went to skydive with four of my friends. When I heard they were planing it, I thought they were so crazy and I would never join in them because I always believed that this kind of extreme-sports did not have relationship with me, so when my friend invited me, I refused without any hesitation. However my friend said only one word, and then I changed my mind. What she told me is that I had to try something new when I was young, and try to  challenge myself, and only in this way,when I became old, there would be beautiful memories left for me. Actually, people always complained that life is dull and always attempted to experence fresh things, so if a amazing was put in front of face, I had no reason to miss it. Espicially when I knew there would be a coach behind me and jumped with me, all of my fearness disappeared.

  The day we went there was a sunny day. After a series of procedures, we started to change our clothes. By the way, those unfair contracts we signed before skydiving are the worst contracts I have never met before. They shirked all of their responsibilities, and ruled clearly that even though their mistakes caused accidents, cosumers could not assue them. Except this, generally that day is amazing.

  When we finished clothes changing, our coaches taught some main points about what we should do when we were going to jump out. After that, we boarded a plane and then our plane went up to 6000 feet. On that way, I could hear my heartbeat. I was so lucky that I was the frist one to jump amoung seven passengers. The frist thirty seconds  were very very opressive since I could not breathe with that thin air and my ears were hurt because of the pressure. However, when height decreased and the parachute was openned, the world became beatiful again. I could breathe freely again and all the pain disappeared. It feels like I flied in the sky. I asked my coach whether we can turn around, and he was a nice man, so he made us rolled immediately. That felt really exciting and I even had a strange feeling that I could get rid off all constraint forever.

  In summary, this experience is unforgettable and I am so glad that I participated it. I hope one day, when I really become old I can tell my kids proudly that I didn't waste my youth.
 

By Rahman SEKER

ANALYSIS OF ARGUMENT 

Hi everybody. Today, I will write essay of the GMAT which is argument type. Before I write my essay, I would like to inform that nowadays, I am studying for the GMAT because I plan to apply to MBA (Master of Business Administration). I have just learned that how I can write analysis of argument. That’s why I would like to share my first experience on this type essay which is not familiar for me. I think your recommendations could be beneficial for me to improve my essay. The topic is the following appeared in a speech delivered by a member of the city council: “Twenty years ago, only half of the students who graduated from Einstein High School went on to attend a college or university. Today, two-thirds of the students who graduate from Einstein do so. Clearly, Einstein has improved its educational effectiveness over the past two decades. This improvement has occurred despite the fact that the school’s funding, when adjusted for inflation, is about the same as it was twenty years ago. Therefore, we do not need to make any substantial increase in the school’s funding at this time.”

The member of the city council concludes that Einstein High School does not require to make any important increase in the school’s funding at this time. The author  presents several premises to support this conclusion. The first is that the graduated students from Einstein High School increase the rate of attending a college or university from half to two-thirds.  The second is that Einstein’s educational effectiveness reflects its improvement. The final premise is that although the school’s funding which is regulated for inflation, is about the same as it was twenty years ago, Einstein’s improvement has taken place. However, the conclusion of the member of the city council does not follow logically from the premises offered because there are several questionable assumptions underlying the argument.

To begin with, the first assumption necessary to this argument is that a proper number exists between twenty years ago and today of the students’ rate attending a college.  If twenty years ago the rate of students attending a college is not comparable to today the rate of students, one of the author’s major premises is undercut. One major flaw that this assumption is that twenty years ago, the number of students could be more than current number of students. It would be unlikely that the rate of students attending a college then is comparable to those of today. Furthermore, the qualities of the students themselves are not the same as they were in the past. These major differences make the assumption that the past is similar to the future an unlikely one. This assumption makes the author’s conclusion a weak one. If the author could demonstrate that the rate of students attending a college twenty years ago mirrored those of today, the argument would be strengthened.

Regarding the second premise in the argument, the second assumption necessary to this argument is that a proper causal exists between improvement in Einstein’s education and attending a college of students. Even if Einstein’s educational improvement reflects the attending a college for students, it is unfair to assume that more students go to the college. Even if we assume for the sake of the argument that the author’s presumed students take special lessons from the other teachers: that’s why, improvement of attending a college for students is not related to Einstein’s improvement. Besides, admission requirements of colleges or universities are easier and more flexible as it was twenty years ago. For that matter, improvement in Einstein’s education might not reflect attending a college of students, in which event this assumption makes the author’s conclusion a doubtful one. If the author could represent that improvement of Einstein’s educational effectiveness in twenty years indicated going a college of students, the argument would be strengthened.

Yet, the final assumption necessary to this argument is that a proper causal exists between the school’s funding and the improvement of Einstein’s education. Even assuming that the school’s funding has not be changed for twenty years, we do not know how Einstein’s improvement has occurred. In other words, for any number of reasons can trigger Einstein’s educational improvement. Perhaps, students are more capable and skilled to attend a college with the help of Einstein’s facilities; therefore, the school’s funding could be increased. For this reason, the author cannot convince me that without increase in the school’s funding leads to Einstein’s educational improvement. Whether the author could prove that not changing in the school’s funding supported improvement of Einstein’s education, the argument would be strengthened.

Finally, because the argument includes several questionable assumptions, the conclusion does not logically follow from the premise. The author makes unwarranted assumptions about the school’s funding is not be modified by Einstein High School. In order to make the argument more convincing, the author has to address these flaws.

Odyssey

By: Grace

 

Hi, everyone, this week I’d like to talk about the great epic Odyssey.

This epic describes the return of a Greek hero Odysseus from the Trojan War. The Trojan War had lasted for 10 years because of Unassailable wall. At that time, a good idea occurred to Odysseus. He leaded the army to build a big wood horse and left it on the beach. Then the Trojan dragged the wood horse back to the wall. When received code, the soldiers who had hid in the wood horse rushed from it and occupied Troy at night.

In this epic, my favorite story is about Polyphemus. On the way to home, Odysseus and his crews found a cave which belonged to Polyphemus in order to search food. But Polyphemus ate some of the crews instead of entertaining them as an honored guest. Odysseus made him drunk with heavy wine and blinded his eyes. Then Odysseus and his crews dressed up as sheep to escape from the cave. Trouble by Poseidon, Odysseus and his crews landed at the island of the Circe. Circe turned them into pigs for their bad behavior at table. Odysseus ate a potion that gave by god and slept with Circe to return his crews to human. After had been dining and sleeping with the goddess for a year, Odysseus finally decided to back home and back to his kingship.

In the story of Polyphemus, hospitality is one of the basic keyword. From this part we can see that the relationship between the host and the guest is very delicate, and harmonious relationship requires the concerted efforts of both sides. On one side, the host should satisfy his guest and make him feel comfortable as far as possible, and at least should respect him. At this case, the wife and the son of Odysseus did well. It was the best proof that they gave the rogue guest maximum tolerate. In contrast, Polyphemus ate the visitors instead of treat them as guests. And he finally got his dessert for his unwise actions. On the other side, except showing respect to host, expressing your appreciation to host is also a necessary manner that every guest should have. Otherwise you will get into trouble. For instance, the crews of Odysseus had been turned into swine for behaving badly on the table. And Odysseus also gave his punishment to the rude guests. Hence, both host and guest have responsibility for their relationship. It is a significant content of interpersonal relationship not only in ancient but also in modern society.

Finally, Odyssey has many kinds of influence on culture later times, but in my view the greatest influence of Odyssey is the comprehensive concept of Gods. Odyssey describes a world that human live with Gods. The Gods are same as human expect their magic and immoral body. They are also jealous and selfish. Hero is the special existence between common people and Gods. Common people can become hero, as long as they are willing to struggle with their limited life. The value of life is greater than immoral body. Maybe this is also the reason for Odysseus to insist to back home instead of living with beauty forever. In conclusion, Odyssey plays an important part on the nation spirit of Greek.

ISI program (Friendship Partner)

By Kayla

  Hi, everyone! How are you doing? Last two weeks and this week, there are total 10 days of holiday. Did you go somewhere? Do you feel American culture?

  Anyway, today I want to talk about the program I found, called “ISI Riverside.”

 
  Before explaining the program, I’ll tell a short story. Because I usually go to native speaker’s house and have some traditional American party at there on the weekend, everyone always ask me how I met her, Nancy. She’s like my host mother, very cheerful and friendly. We became friend when I met her at my room. I thought she is my new housemate, so I was a little bit surprise, but I suddenly thought it is usual in the U.S that some adult go to university to study more deeply. Therefore, we talked a lot; our culture, where we live, why we came here, and change our number. However, I heard a sound from another room, and then a girl came out. At that time, I finally realized she is my housemate. After Nancy left, she invited me to several party, and I wonder a relationship between my housemate and Nancy, so I asked her, then she told me about friendship partner called ISI Program.

  ISI program: They help international students to learn American culture, so they hold some traditional parties. Also they take us to some places. For example, last time they took students to Grand Canyon and hike there. Moreover, they take us to grocery shop, because we don’t have a car. There’s more and more things that I didn’t experience and don’t know. I really thought that I was lucky meeting Nancy. In addition, this time I signed up for friendship partner too, and met with lovely family. However, I still contact with Nancy too, because she’s like my close friend now!
 
  This is a picture of my friendship family and my friend after thanks giving dinner at a church. However, I will have thanks giving dinner at the day too, so this was kind of thanks giving party with people in the church. It was really geat. :)))

  What do you think about this friendship partner? I think this will make your life at the U.S more enjoyable, and meaningful. Everyone is very kind, funny, and helpful. Too kind!! I hope this information will help some of you. Thank you for reading!!

 

P.S
*More information on Facebook ISI Riverside
*If you can’t see FB from some reasons, text me. Maybe I can help you.
  kayla-oxo-12@hotmail.co.jp

 
Thank you!
I hope everyone will have a great thanks giving holidays!

Of Media

Of Media

By:Rain

International media such as TV network and magazine always give people in an information age mixed feelings. Like many other things, media is double-edged. As primary channels of information, TV and magazine are convenient and economic sources of information for knowledge, entertainment, and shopping.

Interestingly, sometimes the same piece of information varies considerably in its influences on audiences of different age.

For example, in a TV commercial, a beautiful lady promotes a certain brand of perfume, which supposedly makes girls more attractive to boys. For potential grown-up buyers, the ad is useful because they might be spending time searching for such products.

We save time in shopping and making decisions by making use of such advertisements. However, a teenage girl might get the wrong idea about the concept of perfume. She could get money from her parents to buy the advertised product. Worse yet, she might use the appeal strategy employed in the commercial to get ahead in the future.

This is a classic bad influence of media for young people’s overspending and inappropriate behaviors. However, we find it very difficult to weigh between merits and problems of media, because they are often tightly incorporated.

For instance, violent scenes in movies are believed to be partially responsible for violence-related crimes, particularly those committed by young people. But on the contrary, such movies also give people a channel to release their anger, anxiety, and pressure. Moreover, these movies show us bad and evil as well as punishments for wrongdoings.

Imagine we live in a world whose media is completely clean in such sense. The dark side of media does not disappear just because we do not talk about it. Nevertheless certain kinds of information such as porn are better kept away from young people.

In conclusion, media should not be seen simply as bad or good because we need to use information properly to the best of our ability. But for certain segments of viewers, we should be very careful with regarding to the content of information and take measures to keep viewers from possible harmful influences of media.　

THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX

by Hardy Mpanano

I came across this concept and couldn’t figure out what it meant. At first I thought about popping out of a big box to come up with some brilliant idea, but it definitely sounded weird. Thinking outside the box is a concept that means, according to Dustin wax, “conceptualizing problems differently; and understanding your position in relation to any particular situation in a way you’d never thought of before.”[1] Thinking outside the box is supposed to help us to handle and analyze a problem in a different and original way in order to find a solution that we wouldn’t have found by thinking as we usually do. How are we supposed to do that?

The concept of thinking outside the box is a metaphor. The box represents “constrained and unimaginative thinking”.[2] It pictures the limited and restricted area in which our mind analyzes problems. In fact, we think by considering the different data and knowledge we have accumulated all over the years. If we do not possess enough knowledge to deal with a problem, it becomes impossible to resolve it. Sometimes, the complexity of the knowledge goes beyond our capacity to understand it and then is required a new way to analyze it. Not only to resolve complex problems, but thinking outside the box is also supposed to enhance our creativity by considering approaches which are new to us and give us access to a different perspective of our surrounding. Thus, we can be innovative and broaden our capacity to come up with original ideas.

In order to be able to think outside the box we should be able, first to think differently and recognize that we are actually limited in a way or another since our mind is primarily set to think in one way, which is the one we have been taught. As a matter of fact, we should try leave the comfort of our world and venture in an unknown area supposed to enlarge our conception of the world. This experiment can be scary for most people who would never try to attempt new experiences or who are used to a fixed way to see the world. This lead to the second condition, which is not to be scare to take risks to think differently. Let’s think about it! Most of the people follow a certain pattern of rules they have been taught to apprehend any situation. To be successful and to step aside from the crowd, one should be able to be original and effective in a way no one could have though about. Examples of many successful business entrepreneurs demonstrate the benefit of being original and creative; values generally appreciated in our modern world.

In sum, thinking outside the box means to put ourselves in different physical or intellectual conditions where we can be able to transcend our current condition to consider new possibilities which open our eyes to a new reality.

 

---

[1] WAX, D. ( November, 6th), 11 Ways to Think Outside the Box, Retrieved November 15^th,2012, from http://www.lifehack.org/articles/productivity/11-ways-to-think-outside-the-box.html

[2] The phrase finder. (nd). Think outside the box. Retrieved November 15^th,2012, from http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/think-outside-the-box.html

SELF EDUCATION.

By Rustam Rakhmetov.

Hello everybody. In this blog I want to share with you how I have learned English. I have been learning English for two years. I remember the day when I began to learn this language. It is the tenth of October 2010. I tried to learn English three times but the first two was stopped by me because of my laziness. Then I asked the question myself, "Why do I study English?". I did not have exact answer. Now, I know to do something effectively, especially learn any language, people need an exact goal. If people have clear goal it is easy to reach it. My goal was to win scholarship in order to study my master degree in the USA. When I began to study my first textbook I read the assignment from the book and I could understand nothing. From this point I began self education.

In this blog I don not want to describe all troubles I face. I just would like to share some information that I think may be useful for student who want study English. I began from the materials which I used from my intermediate level of English because in the beginning I used materials on my native language and you do need them.

The first source I like very much is engVid. It is the site of free English video lessons. There are lots of topics  from "how to write essay" till basic grammar. The most important advantage of this site is that students can chose any topic they want study according their level of knowledge. There are three levels beginning, intermediate and advance. Another significant benefit of aforementioned source is big amount of teachers. People may chose any teacher they want. If some of the teachers seems boring or not clear, students can chose the teacher they like more. My favorite teacher is James and Ronnie. I like their lessons because they are very funny. When I watch their lessons I always smile because they usually use jokes. Another merit is that lessons are not too long. In average they last from ten till twenty minutes and student do not feel tired. It is very easy to follow this source just shut your facebook off and listen to the one lesson before going to bed. Some material may be familiar to you but repetition is also good education.

http://www.engvid.com/

Another useful website is TED. It the most interesting video source for me because sometimes watching news or TV programs may be boring or takes to much amount of time. Why is TED so interesting? In this website people share their ideas or works, inventions or solving some social troubles. Usually it is people from different parts from around the word. You may meet someone from you country watching this videos or learn some interesting ideas. In addition if people have difficulties with understanding speech's performance, they can turn on subtitles and in the bottom of your screen you can read text of their speeches. Moreover, after you will have already finished to watch video do not turn off your video player. Read the comments under the video, usually that kind of video are watched by professors or smart people and they write very good comment. Sometimes you can read very interesting discussion. You will not read stupid teenager comments on not understandable slang. It can help you to develop your creative thinking. Just do not use "youtube" to watch stupid jokes, use TED!!!

http://www.ted.com/

Super source! The website kickstarter. I think all people like creative individuals and if you also have new ideas or inventions you can use this site. Actually, in this site inventors show their invention and look for financial support from reach people. I like this site because I can learn new ideas and the most remarkable point I like is the fact that all creative people so positive that charge me positive too. You can read articles and watch video that will improve your reading and listening skills. Who knows, maybe someday you can met "new Steve Jobs" on this site!

http://www.kickstarter.com/

There is short list I use. Here you are!!! I will be glad if you will find some interesting for yourself!

If you like psychology it will be interesting for you!
http://www.psychologytoday.com/

Short tests for TOEFL, GRE, GMAT. I'm sure it is necessary for students who want to continue study in the USA.
http://www.english-test.net/

It can help people while writing essay!!! Transition words...
https://www.msu.edu/~jdowell/135/transw.html#anchor1696929

10 universities with free online courses
1. UC Berkeley webcast.berkeley.edu/
2. MIT Open Courseware ocw.mit.edu/courses/
3. Carnegie Mellon's Open Learning Initiativeoli.web.cmu.edu/openlearning
4. Utah State OpenCourseWare ocw.usu.edu/front-page/Courses_listing 
5. Tufts OpenCourseWare ocw.tufts.edu/CourseList
6. Openlearn openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/index.php
7. JHSPH OCW ocw.jhsph.edu/topics.cfm
8. Connexions cnx.org/content/
9. Sophia sofia.fhda.edu/gallery/ 
10. University of Washington Computer Science & Engineeringwww.cs.washington.edu/education/course-webs.html


As you notice we can find a lot of sources and most of them are free!!! Don not waste time study NOW!!!

By Rahman SEKER

Stress Management

                  

Hi everybody. Today, I will inform you about how students relieve or minimize their stress. To begin with identify the sources of stress. Stress is your body's reaction to the demands of the world. Stressors are events or conditions in your surroundings that may trigger stress. ⁽¹⁾ Researchers have demonstrated that there are two main types of stress. Your body responds to stressors differently depending on whether the stressor is new, it is acute stress or whether the stressor has been around for a longer time, it is chronic stress. Acute stress is also known as the fight-or-flight response and your body's immediate reaction to a significant threat, challenge or scare. The acute-stress response is immediate and intense, and in certain circumstances it can be thrilling. Examples of acute stressors include a job interview, a fender bender (small traffic accident) or an exhilarating ski run. A single episode of acute stress generally doesn't cause problems for healthy people. However, severe acute stress can cause mental health problems, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, and even physical difficulties such as a heart attack. The chronic stress response is much more subtle than is the acute-stress response, but the effects may be longer lasting and more problematic. This persistent stress can lead to health problems, such as headaches and insomnia. In addition, students should know their stressors which are divided into two groups. The first one is external exasperations. External stressors are events and situations that happen to you. Some examples of external stressors include: major life changes. These changes can be positive such as a new marriage, a planned pregnancy, a promotion or a new house they can be negative such as the death of a loved one or a divorce. Next, it is environment. Consider how you react to noises, such as a barking dog. Also, unpredictable event is that uninvited houseguests and family is play key role. For instance, conflict with mother. Then, workplace is common stressors at work include urgent deadlines and a demanding boss. The last one is social. Just think about going on a blind date and you probably start to sweat. Besides, internal irritations which means self-induced. Examples of internal stressors include fears are that fear of flying, fear of heights and fear of public speaking. Uncertainty is another internal irritation. For example, think about how you might react when waiting for the results of a medical test. The last one is beliefs. These might be attitudes, opinions or expectations such as make a plan for a perfect holiday. Moreover, ⁽²⁾ Squidoo argues that parents play an important role in the upbringing of children. Their constant support and motivation will help the students to face the challenges in their lives. Every parent should know how to reduce stress in children and help them overcome it. Nowadays lack of communication between parents and students are seen because of parents’ busy. If there is better interaction between students and parents, all problems can be settled amicably and rationally. Another important cause of stress is over expectation of parents. Parents have to be realistic in their expectations. Reachable goals should be given to students so that they do not crush under terrible pressure. Encouraging students to exercise regularly can help a lot to avoid stress. This will also improve their energy levels. You should not plan the studying activities and schedule for your child. Let the student will take this decision himself as he is the only one that knows how to plan the schedule and achieve best productivity. Finally, ⁽³⁾ according to Therese J. Borchord, 18 ways can be references to manage stress. Simplify, prioritize, use pencil, not pen, give away your cape, collaborate and cooperate, laugh, exercise, stop juggling, build boundaries, think globally, avoid stimulants and sugar, compare and despair, avoid negative people, sleep, categorize your problems, lower your standards, just say no and learn how to recharge.

References

1.      http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/stress-management/SR00031

2.      http://www.squidoo.com/student-stress-relief

3.      http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2010/06/23/18-ways-to-manage-stress/

The Special Transportation In Riverside

BY; Amy

When I came to America, I had to take some public transportation. The place that I was living in is Riverside, which is located in Southern California of America, a center of dessert. The fact I want to clarify is that there are some special transportation for me to take, including both advantages and disadvantages. To my most impressing, the RTA and Metro link always drive me crazy.

       First of all, I always go to some place which I want by RTA, whose full name is Riverside transit association, an important pivot of transportation in Riverside. A good advantage is that the bus stop schedule is very accurate. Thus, it can tell me when the next bus will come in the stop that I have to wait. A furthermore advantage is that the bus shows its humanity, such as helping handicap to take the bus, supplying service to load passengers’ bicycle and so on. On the contrary, if I probably miss the bus which I want to catch, I will have to wait the next one for an hour at least. What an inconvenient bus it is! However, it is special for me to take it which is based on advantages and disadvantages.

       Second, Metro link is another public transportation I have ever used for one time, which has many characteristics. It is a kind of train that some workers usually go to metropolis for working by taking it. What’s more, I am very confused that the schedules of Metro link are diversity that links the whole Southern California. Because I am an international student without private car, it is a perfect way to travel to some place by taking Metro link.

     

    In summary, Riverside transportations gave me unforgettable memory in my life. I very glad to use it to travel to some place even though they have both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is much particular for me to take the Riverside public transportations in America.

The Devil Wears Prada

By:Grace

 

Hi, everyone. Recently I watched an old but famous movie: The Devil Wears Prada. It left a profound impression to me. Today I would like talk about this film.  

 

This is a kind of comedy which I like best. All characters in this film are full of humor, especially the actress who plays Miranda. She is an expert in practical jokes with her crazy behavior and eccentric voice. Andy always becomes mad by Miranda’s unreasonable requests. In addition, the actress who plays Andrea Sachs is also the actress that I like. It seems the role of Andy is designed specially for her. And Andrea finally found her own style in this role. She made us believe that her glamour is hard to resist.

 

 

Besides, I especially get enlightenment from the heroine Andy. She changes a bit from the start of the movie to the end of the movie. Andy can not get along with other people when she enters Runway at the first time. But soon she becomes acclimated with the nervous working environment and harsh boss. After talking with the senior stylist at Runway, Andy decides to adjust her attitude to work and change her image. Her new image with fashionable clothes and hair is profuse in praise. Andy’s hard effort makes her take the place of her ex-colleague completely, and she becomes the best assistant to her boss. I have to admire Andy’s working capability with taking on her work perfectly. She is willing to attempt new ways for her mission. Precious spirit can be found from Andy: Keep asking yourself whether you can do better during your work and trying new methods to work constantly.

 

What is more, this movie helps me realize a vital point: choose the thing what you really want. After she became successful with her career, excessive work and the difficult boss occupied Andy’s life. At this time, life is in conflict with work. The distance between Andy and her friends was created because she barely had any time to attend the parties of her friends. Her boyfriend decided to break up with her. She even couldn’t keep her mind at dinner with her father. A call from her boss, Miranda, will disrupt her normal life. Actually, Miranda, who has a successful career and bad family, is facing the same problem that Andy is affected by: how to balance work and life? After returning from Paris, Andy finally realizes what it is she wants. At the end of the film, Andy resigns from Runway and goes backs to her original life. However, Miranda is still indifferent to her subordinates. For Andy, work is never more important than life. Meanwhile, work is the main thing for Miranda. In conclusion, different people have different needs, while the most important is to pursue the dream in the bottom of your heart.

 

Movie is a good way for us to understand ourselves. Sometimes we can see the shadow of us through movie. Hope you enjoy this wonderful film ^-^

 

International Institutions

 International institutions are the organizations with an mature international membership, scope, or presence. There are two different types of them: International nongovernmental organizations(INGOs) and non-governmental organizations(NGOs). In order to understanded the international cooperation and discord, it is necessary to develop a knowledge of how international institutions work, and how they change. 

 Today, I will introduce and explain about the items above for the three important international institutions and how they affect the business environment of China.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

IMF (International Monetary Fund)

In 1945, December 27^th,the International Monetary Fund(IMF) was established with the World Bank(WB), they are the world one of two biggest financial organs,the role of IMF is to monitor the monetary exchange rate, the trade information of different countries, provide technical and the fund to assist,and ensure the global financial sysytem is functioning; their HQ(headquarters) were set in Washington. The “special drawing rights” that we usually heard about was set up by this organization in1969.

The main role/purpose

The main role of International Monetary Fund is to provide technical and fund assist to the country which are having economic difficulties,and sometimes the IMF will help those country to manage their government finance or necessary reform.

The contributions

The International Monetary Fund was created to help stabilize the global economy. For instance, it promotes international monetary cooperation, facilitates the expansion and balanced growth of international trade, promotes exchange stability, maintains orderly exchange arrangements among members, and to avoid competitive exchange depreciation. Thus the main purposes and activities of it do really play an important role on the current society. 

 WB(the World Bank)

    The full name of WB is “the World Bank”,the old name of the Wold Bank was “the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development” ,the establishment of the World Bank was related to the The bretton woods conference of the United States of America in 1944.

The main role/purpose

The main purpose of the World Bank is to invest to the manufacture, to help their menber state to development and revival;loan guarantee or loan participation and other ways to advance the foreigns and the natives investment, when the member states can’t get the private capital in a reasonable conditions, the World Bank will straight loan to them as a replenish of the scarcity of private investment; encourage the international invesment, developing the countries resources for productions, prvide technical advisory and improve the productive power to advance the balanced growth of international trade of the countries and also the international balance of payment.

The contribution

The World Bank is the one of the world biggest development assistance institutions.the World Bank utilize its funds, high quality talents and a extensive knowledge base to support every single developing countries and lead them to get on a track of continuance and equilibrium.

 WTO

The World Trade Organization was established in 1995, their HQ(heasquarters) was settle down at Genevese. WTO(World Trade Organization) is a permanent international organization that independent of the united nations. On January 1^st ,1995 this organization has started to operate officially, it is responsible to manage the world economics and trade order, their headquarters is located in Swiss Geneva Lemon lake side. World Trade Organization has the status of mediating the member conflict asprect to have a higher autority. the World Trade Organization, the World Bank, and the Inrenational Monetary Fund are called “the three mainstay of world economoic system”

The main role/purpose of WTO

The main role of the World Trade Organization is to promot economy and trade develoment, rasie the humanity living standard, ensure the full employment, unsure the real income and unsure the increase of the effective demand;According to the the goal of the sustainable development utilize the world resources reasonable and expansion commodity production and service; Achieves the agreement of mutually interaction, singnificantly decrease and cancel customs duties and other trade difficulties and also banish the discrimination treatment during national trade activities.

   The contribution of WTO

 As the day as the World Trade Organization(WTO) has established, to enfroced the Uruguay agreement and convention, it has vigorously propelled the economic globalization, and promoted the development of the global economic. the affinity of the  multilateral trading system that WTO stand are growing by days, only in few years, its member state has already become 134 countries, and there are more then twenty countryies are actively apply for membership. Their member states were already hold nearly 95% of the global economic and trade. The World Trade Organization(WTO) use the trade policy review mechanism, dispute settlement mechanism, subsidies discipline, sustainable development, service trade liberalization and the protection of intellectual property rights as a resort to make the area of the coordinated management form the border measures to the legislative domain. The role of minitor has become unparalleled, and this institutions has already become “the United Nations of Economic”. The upcoming new negotiations of multilateral trade system have universality show the World Trade Organization is already exceed the modality form the pass, day bu day it is also prominent to the world economics trade’s influence.                                    

   By Jireh Abraham Chung